Multi-lateral trade negotiations and the Most Favored Nation clause

This paper considers the interaction between private information and the Most Favored Nation clause in trade negotiations. It demonstrates that by aggregating uncertainty over a number of trading partners, the Most Favored Nation clause may offer a welfare improvement over a set of bilateral trade negotiations. This improvement is shown to be most pronounced when a large number of countries are involved in negotiations.     

Private labels and public quality standards: How can consumer trust be restored after the mad cow crisis?

In those sectors faced with questions of food safety (meat, fruit, vegetables), new private labels have been set up in Europe in order to restore consumer trust. In this paper, we perform a theoretical analysis of these private labels. We propose an original model of vertical relationships between producers and retailers which takes into account two supply sources through (i) a competitive spot market on which the retailers buy a minimum quality standard product and (ii) supply contracts aimed at marketing higher quality private labels. We study how producers and retailers could cooperate in setting up these new labels. From a public point of view, we show the complementarity of a moderate increase in public quality standards and the creation of these new private labels. JEL Classification L22. L23. Q13. Q18     

我国民营企业海外并购的特点及发展对策

海外并购已成为我国民营企业“走出去”实现跨国发展的重要途径。目前我国民营企业海外并购整体上还处于起步阶段,带有很强的探索性,呈现出一些有别于当前全球并购主流特征的、低层次的特点,同时也还面临着许多问题,需要从政府和企业两个层面采取有效措施来促进其健康发展。     

Determinants of Store Brand Share

Private labels or store brands have witnessed considerable growth in the last few decades, especially in grocery products. However, market shares of store brand vary considerably across categories, markets, and countries. A natural question of interest to academics and practitioners is what factors influence store brand market shares. Drawing on a utility framework, we develop 21 consumer, manufacturer, retailer, and product-market characteristics that can influence store brand share. We test the empirical generalizability of the effect of these determinants through a meta-analysis of data from 54 individual and aggregate market studies. Twenty of the 21 determinants show significant, empirically generalizable effects. We discuss the key findings, their implications, and directions for future empirical research.     

民间融资风险防范与控制

民间融资作为一种资金资源的市场配置行为和一种金融服务的补充形式,成为中小企业的重要融资渠道,对经济金融运行的影响日益深刻。民间融资规模的不断增长,民间融资无序的发展也产生了巨大的负面影响,存在着较大的风险隐患。要防范民间融资风险必须建立民间融资监测体系,完善民间融资法律监管,完善民间金融市场进入和退出机制,加速民间融资机构改革,探索制度创新。     

基于营利性行为的民间非营利组织会计制度变革

我国民间非营利组织的营利性行为不仅客观存在,而且呈增长趋势,但现行《民间非营利组织会计制度》并没有对营利性行为的资金（或基金）运动过程进行会计规范,必须从会计假设、会计原则、会计要素等方面进行理论创新,并增设利润表和利润分配表,以满足政府管理、公众监督和非营利组织治理对会计信息的需求。     

Application of the Reporting Entity Concept in Australia

For decades, the reporting entity concept has been the foundation of differential reporting in Australia. Those entities classified as ‘reporting entities’ are, prima facie, required to produce full GAAP‐based financial reports while other (non‐reporting) entities are generally able to produce less complex and shorter ‘special purpose’ financial reports. In recent years, the application of the concept, as originally set out in the Statement of Accounting Concepts (SAC) 1 Definition of the Reporting Entity, has been criticized on several grounds—particularly, that it does not yield the reporting outcomes originally intended by regulators. Our analysis of 1,546 companies lodging financial statements with the corporate regulator in Australia (ASIC) shows the principles‐based criteria in SAC 1, designed to indicate the existence of a reporting entity, do not systematically explain its application by entities. Our findings are relevant for policy makers, researchers, and regulators concerned with how these choices might be more effectively regulated in future and whether this is best done through principles‐based or rules‐based approaches.     

双循环格局下的竞争中性与国企改革——来自国有资本差异化功能的证据

本文在一般均衡框架下构建理论模型,从微观视角考察国有资本功能在国有、民营两部门中的差异,讨论"双循环"战略下如何有效配置国有资本,推动竞争中性框架的建立。研究表明:国有资本在理论上具有正向的经济效率并促进企业积极承担社会责任,但经验证据显示其经济效率偏低,且在国有和民营部门有较大差异。在国有部门中,国有资本的经济效率显著低于民营企业,且在低市场竞争度、高行政进入壁垒行业中尤为突出,证实了国企的垄断经营和不公平竞争;尽管在下游竞争性行业表现了较高效率,但主要是因为挤占了私营部门的投资空间。在民营部门中,国有资本具有积极的经济效率和社会责任。但主要是通过降低其税负、缓解融资约束并对企业捐赠等承担社会责任的行为形成补偿和激励等行为提高了其经济效率,而非国有资本理论上的市场化收益性功能。国有资本在国有和私营部门差异化的功能和经济效率验证了民营企业仍处于非中性的竞争环境,双循环格局可在上游垄断性部门引入民营资本和竞争机制,在下游竞争性行业则深化混合所有制改革以提高国企效率,释放出因国有部门过度举债挤占的私营部门投资空间,健全国有资本要素的市场化配置,给予民营企业竞争中性的平等国民待遇。     

基于社会责任和合法性视角的民营企业文化建设

民营企业文化建设是管理理论界一直关注的管理理论问题,也是民营企业管理者不断探索的管理实践问题。基于企业社会责任理论和合法性理论,本文分析了民营企业文化建设的现存问题,并提出了指导性的政策建议。     

浅议我国有限责任制的民营企业法人治理结构的完善——基于浙江有限责任制民企的调研

我国民营企业的平均寿命很短,其主要原因在于法人治理结构的不完善,民营企业家的家族式治理观念没有得到根本上的改观。有限责任公司是目前我国民营企业首选的组织形式,研究有限责任制的民营企业的法人治理结构对促进我国民营企业的发展具有重要的意义。本文通过实地调研同一产业群中两个具有高度可比性的有限责任制的民营企业,对其法人治理结构进行对比分析,研究在民营企业实际经营运作过程中对法人治理结构的创新性设置,并对其中存在的问题进行分析,提出一些完善民营企业法人治理结构的建议。